What We Know About Alzheimer’s Disease – And How Long We’ve Known It

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains one of the most studied — yet least fully understood — conditions of our time. While researchers have made progress in uncovering risk factors and potential protective behaviors, the truth is that there are still more questions than answers.

How Researchers Study Alzheimer’s Risk

A team of experts prepared an extensive review for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to evaluate what we currently know about Alzheimer’s and cognitive decline. Their review included:

  • Nutritional factors
  • Medical conditions and medications (both prescription and over-the-counter)
  • Social, economic, and behavioral factors
  • Environmental exposures
  • Genetics

Both observational studies and clinical trials were evaluated to determine which factors consistently showed an impact on the risk of developing Alzheimer’s or cognitive decline.

What the Research Shows

After reviewing 25 systematic reviews and 250 primary studies, researchers found:

  • Increased Risk: Diabetes, smoking, depression, and carrying the APOE-e4 gene variant.
  • Decreased Risk: Staying mentally active (cognitive engagement) and regular physical activity.

While these associations were consistent, researchers noted that the overall strength of evidence was often weak, and the impact of any single factor was generally small to moderate.

Some areas — like nutrition, social behaviors, and certain medical conditions — may still influence brain health, but current studies do not provide enough evidence to draw firm conclusions.

What This Means for Families

The most important takeaway is that research is ongoing, and there is still much we do not know about preventing or slowing Alzheimer’s disease. What is clear, however, is that compassionate, continuous care is essential for those living with dementia.

At Personal Senior Care Homes, we provide that loving care every day. Our dedicated caregivers focus on creating a safe, supportive, and engaging environment for each resident.

If you’d like to learn more, I invite you to schedule a personal tour.
Contact Stephen Brock at 513-870-9228.